Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes are known for their ability to remove pollutants from wastewater. However, the latter often represent an external aggression towards these two plants. The objective of this study is to investigate the variation in the elemental and secondary metabolite composition that are secreted by these two plants to deal with external aggressions. The different secondary metabolites were identified and quantified, according to the standard procedure, in Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes species from two countries (Burundi and Côte d’Ivoire). The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols and the absence of sterols, alkaloids and terpenoids. The quantitative analysis revealed a high concentration of total flavonoids compared to tannins and polyphenols, regardless of the plant used (Eichhornia crassipes or Pistia stratiotes) or the country in which it was harvested. Moreover, the species harvested in Burundi are richer in these metabolites than those harvested in Côte d'Ivoire.  Elemental analysis revealed the presence of macroelements (S, Na, Mg, Cl, P and K), microelements (Fe, Zn and Br) and trace elements (Mn, Si and Al).

Multifloral honey of indigenous giant honeybee A. dorsata (wild) and Indian hivebee, A. cerana indica (apiary) were collected from Hassan, Karnataka and its minor constituents like minerals, vitamins and proteins were determined during February 2020 to March 2021. The potassium content of honey of A.dorsata was 70.12 ppm while honey of A.cerana had 68.50ppm. The potassium content of honey of A.dorsata was highest (70.12 ppm), and honey of A. cerana was least (68.50ppm). The chromium content of honey of A.dorsata was maximum (0.027ppm) while, honey of A.cerana was minimum (0.025ppm). The thiamine (B₁) content of honey of A.dorsata was 0.09 µ gms., while honey of A.cerana was highest of 0.08 µ gms. The pyridoxine (B₆) content of honey of A.dorsata was maximum of 1.80 µ gms. and minimum of 1.44 µ gms. from A cerana honey. The protein content of honey of A.dorsata was highest (0.67%) and least (0.59%) from honey of A.cerana. The potassium of honey from all two honeybee species was statistically significant at 1 % (p<0.01) level and chromium of honey from all two honeybee species was not statistically significant at 1% (p<0.01) level. The thiamine (B₁) content of honey from all two honeybee species was not statistically significant at 1 %( p<0.01) level and pyridoxine (B₆) content of honey of wild and apiary honeybee species was not statistically significant at 1% level (p<0.01). The protein content of honey from two honeybee species was not statistically significant at 1 % level (p<0.01). Results clearly exemplify honey of A.dorsata had relatively higher minor constituents than that of A.cerana. Further, studies obviously indicate that quality of honey of wild and apiary honeybee species are equally good with subtle variations which are discussed in ensuing paper.

The intention of the present study was to find out the bioactive phytocompounds present in the leaf of methanol extract of Tephrosia purpurea L. by using an instrument  Fourier transforms infrared spectres copy (FTIR-4600, ASSCO-PS 4000),Version-2.20-06,Serial No-0086061786,Scan range between 4,000 -400 cm-1. The results obtained from this FTIR analysis showed the presence of 40 spectral peaks at different reference ranges indicates the presence of functional groups such as alcohols, phenols, aromatics, alkanes, carbodiimide, aromatic compound, carboxyilc acid, alkene, nitro compounds, sulfonate, aromatic ester,aromatic amines, alkyl aryl ether, ester, aliphatic  ether,and secondary alcohol. The methanol leaf extract of this plant showed considerable level of antibacterial activity against Escheirchia.coli, Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus mutantwhen exposed to different concentrations such as 5,10,20,30 and 40µL concentration. The increase of zone of inhibition is dose dependent and increases with increasing concentration.

Effective removal of Ca²⁺and Cl^- ions from the industrial R.O reject water was achieved using electrodialysis. Under optimized conditions ∼16800 and 30500 ppm of Ca²⁺ and Cl^-ions could be removed with 60-94% current efficiency and                  99% removal efficiency. Other ions including Na⁺, SO₄^2-, K⁺ and Mg²⁺ present in smaller amounts could also be removed. Effective conversion of anodically generated chlorine to sodium hypochlorite (0.2-1.2%) was achieved which is the ideal concentration for its use as an antiviral (COVID-19 mitigation purpose). The conditions including current density and amount of charge passed were varied to identify the optimized condition for maximum efficiency.

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide catalysed oxidation of ethanol and propanol by N-chlorosaccharin in aqueous acetic acid medium has been reported. The intermediate compound involves a complex formation between micelles, reaction species HOCl and alcohols. The rate of reaction is enhanced by an increase in [H⁺] and catalysed by CTAB below CMC. The data were verified graphically. The proposed mechanism was supported by derived rate law, and thermodynamic parameters.

This paper contains the results of oxidation rate of paracetamol by  N-chlorosaccharin (NCSA) in aqueous acetic acid medium that exhibits a first-order dependence on [NCSA] and one to zero-order each on [Paracetamol] and [acid]. A positive solvent effect on rate has been observed. The primary salt effect does not bring any significant change in rate while addition of reduction product saccharin of NCSA has shown retarding trend in rate. The reaction mixture rules out to produce polymerization of acrolonitrile. The complex kinetics has been proposed, The H₂O⁺Cl is assumed to be the active species of oxidant involved in mechanism.

Multifloral honey of indigenous giant honeybee A. dorsata (wild) and Indian hivebee, A. cerana indica (apiary) were collected from Hassan district, Karnataka and its minor constituents like minerals, vitamins and proteins were determined during February 2020 to March 2021. The potassium content of honey of A.dorsata was 70.12 ppm while honey of A.cerana had 68.50ppm. The potassium content of honey of A.dorsata was highest (70.12 ppm), and honey of A. cerana was least (68.50ppm). The chromium content of honey of A.dorsata was maximum (0.027ppm) while, honey of A.cerana was minimum (0.025ppm). The thiamine (B₁) content of honey of A.dorsata was 0.09 µ gms., while honey of A.cerana was highest of 0.08 µ gms. The pyridoxine (B₆) content of honey of A.dorsata was maximum of 1.80 µ gms. and minimum of 1.44 µ gms. from A cerana honey. The protein content of honey of A.dorsata was highest (0.67%) and least (0.59%) from honey of A.cerana. The potassium of honey from all two honeybee species was statistically significant at 1 % (p<0.01) level and chromium of honey from all two honeybee species was not statistically significant at 1% (p<0.01) level. The thiamine (B₁) content of honey from all two honeybee species was not statistically significant at 1 %( p<0.01) level and pyridoxine (B₆) content of honey of wild and apiary honeybee species was not statistically significant at 1% level (p<0.01). The protein content of honey from two honeybee species was not statistically significant at 1 % level (p<0.01). Results clearly exemplify honey of A.dorsata had relatively higher minor constituents than that of A.cerana. Further, studies obviously indicate that quality of honey of wild and apiary honeybee species are equally good with subtle variations which are discussed in ensuing paper.">

This paper accommodates the results of kinetic study of Kolenchoe glandulosa. Hochst, a dicotyledons medicinal plant of the family crassulaceae in vitro conditions employing Ag-Zn pair of electrodes in three seasons based on measuring the bio-electrode potential through redox process. The probe of the text shows complex nature of reaction due to occurrence of oscillatory motion involved in presence of action potential in long span of time. The reaction rate accelerated due to charge transfer of ions occurring between Zwitter ions of protein present in the bio-system and electrodes. Based on evaluated several activation parameters several activation mechanism and rate law was proposed.

The present study was conducted to investigate the histological changes in the thyroid of freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis after exposure to 5ppm of lead acetate for a period of 21 days under laboratory conditions. The most common resultant changes in thyroid of fish to lead acetate were hyperactivity of the thyroid tissue, hyperplasia, hypertrophy of follicular epithelial cells, reduced follicular colloid content, vacuoles in colloid, thick epithelial layer and some of the follicles are exhausted and transformed into degenerated cystic masses as compared to control group. The fishes exposed to lead acetate along with tulsi showed recovery in their cells and colloid as compared to treated group. These observations denote that tulsi is antioxidant and has some antidote role or protective action against lead toxicity in H. fossilis.

This review envisage the kinetic behaviour of nicotinium dichromate oxidation of p-substitued acetophenones in 20 and 40% acetic acid in presence of H₂SO₄. The conducted studies helped in determining the first-order rate each in [NDC] and [H⁺] and fractional-o rder with respect to concentration of p-nitro and p-methyl acetopheones. The solvent polarity inhibits the rate of reactions. The thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. Michaelis-Menten type of mechanism in the rate determining step has been suggested.

Oxidation of Þ-bromo mandelic acid by Isoquinolinium chlorochromate (IQCC) has been investigated kinetically in aqueous acetic acid medium in presence of H₂SO₄. The reaction showed first-order dependence with respect to both oxidant and H⁺ ion. The fractional-order was derived for substrates. The retarding effect of dielectric constant of the medium on rate has been observed. A plausible mechanism with stoichiometry (1: 1) for the complex reaction involving the C-C bond cleavage consistent with the experimental data has been formulated.