Crinum jagus is a medicinal species of botanical family Amaryllidaceae, widely used in traditional medicine. In present investigation on total alkaloid extracts from leaves, bulbs and roots, the objective was to highlight qualitative and quantitative composition of alkaloids and to determine their antioxidant capacity toward DPPH compared to vitamin C. Qualitative analyses showed in addition and independently of alkaloids, the presence of coumarins and terpenes. DPPH test demonstrated that the total alkaloid extract from Crinum jagus bulbs has a very significant in vitro antioxidant activity with regard to its median DPPH reduction concentration (CR₅₀= 0.026 mg/ml). Alkaloid content estimated of 1.468 ± 0.026 % proves that Crinum jagus bulbs constitute a reservoir of alkaloids.">

The scientific Ayurveda mentions about many principles for prevention and treatment of diseases. Preventive medicine has been given more focus in Ayurveda. Dincharya (daily regimen) is one of the preventive principle illustrated in Ayurveda. In this 21^st century, the day to day activity of everyone has become so busy and money oriented, that many of the lifestyle disorders have fixed their roots in our body. Ayurveda says that the complete and real health which includes physical, mental, social and emotional factors depends on healthy lifestyle. According to W.H.O.-sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary habits and exposure to pollution are the triggers for most of the lifestyle disorders which are supposed to cause over three quarter of all deaths in 2030. According to Ayurveda texts, Kala is one of the important causative factors (i.e. trividha hetu) in the initiation of diseases. The dinacharya mentioned in Ayurveda should be  followed regularly to stop the changes which can occur due to time at initial level as well as to slow down the irreversible changes which occur with time (age), thereby preventing the healthy person to catch disease. Following the proper dinacharya has positive physiological effects on functioning of the body which in turn maintains the state of equilibrium of three doshas (Vata, Pita, and Kapha), seven dhatus, three mala and the agni along with prasanna aatma, indriya and mana.">

Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, which runs a chronic course and it is self-limiting. Acne vulgaris is triggered by Cutibacterium acnes in adolescence, under the influence of normal circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It is a very common skin disorder which can present with inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions chiefly on the face but can also occur on the upper arms, trunk, and back. There are many treatments available for the diseases. In the present review medicinal plants with their active compounds and part of utility have been represented.

The present study, carried out on Cymbopogon Citratus was interested in volatile and no-volatile extracts of the plant. It focused on the effect of the two types of extracts on eleven strains of bacteria. Chemical analysis of the volatile extract obtained with a yield of 2.28% revealed the presence of 72.91% of citral and other minority compounds. The extraction yield of the ethanolic extract (no-volatile) is 10.8%. Chemical groups such as reducing compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, leuco-anthocyanins, saponosides, Coumarins and Terpenoids have been identified in this extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined by macrodilution method. Volatile extract showed the best inhibitory activities on more than 90% of the strains of bacteria studied. The lowest Minimum inhibitory concentrations values were obtained against Micrococcus luteus (0.3125 mg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis T22695 (0.625 mg/ml) and Proteus vulgaris A25015 (0.625 mg/ml). This extract also had the best inhibition diameters against most bacteria. The bactericidal activity of this extract was only obtained against Enterococcus faecalis (1.25 mg/ml). The no-volatile extract inhibited approximately 50% of the strains tested with values ??slightly higher than those noted in the case of the volatile extract. There were no bactericidal effect in all cases with this extract. In sum, the volatile extract of C. Citraus is significantly more active than the no-volatile extract. Formulations of phyto-drugs based on the essential oil of C. Citratus would therefore be more effective than those based on its no-volatile extract.

Children are the most marginalized humans in mountains that need sustainable diet and healthcare. Recognizing the role of young demography as human capital for regional, national and global well-beings, a study was conducted on plant-based indigenous medical practices for treatment of child diseases in Bhabar tract of Garhwal Himalaya. Data on diseases and indigenous medicinal plants were collected by interviewing diversity of indigenous people using informal discussions, open ended interviews and guided dialogue technique. The plants of medical value as recorded through interviews were collected from nature and identified with the help of respondents, flora and taxonomists. Vomiting, pneumonia, dysentery, diarrhoea, stomach worms and pain, bed wetting, epistaxis and tonsil were recorded as the common diseases among children. A total of 50 plant species, mostly local to natural landscape, being used as effective indigenous medicines for treatment of these diseases are documented. It was recorded that the knowledge networks and adaptive strategies developed by indigenous people to conserve these bioresources are weakening due to change in value system. Appropriate State intervention and empowering indigenous people to ensure continuation of eco-culturally evolved practices is called for.

The use of medicinal plants as alternative medicine in the treatment of many ailments is currently employed by large percent of world population. Our aim is to study antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the crude extracts of the leaves of Ricinus communis. The leaves of the plant Ricinus communis were extracted with methanol 97%, ethanol 99% and petroleum ether 66%.  For 50 gram plant material, the percentage yields of the extracts were:  methanol 4.5%, ethanol 4.0%, and petroleum ether 0.2%. The extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant property using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods.  The result was:  %scavenging=98.24±0.140,  94.93±0.005,  91.99±0.167,  90.77±0.008  from  concentrations:120,  100,  80,  60ppm  respectively and  %RP=80.33±0.702, 59.42±0.212, 51.45±0.730, 25.92±0.911 from concentrations: 100, 75, 50, 25ppm  respectively.  Inhibition at 25mg/mL; ethanol extract was more effective than methanol extract against gram positive bacteria (S.coccus aureus). One gram negative bacteria (E.coli) were resistant towards all types of extracts. Petroleum ether extract has no inhibition zone towards these bacterias. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) showed the total phenolic contents in terms of mg Gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of dry weight of samples to be 52.68±0.385. It is inferred from the present study that Ricinus communis leaf crude extract of methanol had a power to reduce radicals and delayed the growth of microorganisms such as bacterias and funguses. This antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Ricinus communis may underlie its wide spread used in traditional medicine.

Medicinal plants are believed to have medicinal properties which are often attributed to their phytochemical constituents. The aim of this research is to investigate phytochemical screening and to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanol extracts of V.amygdalina leaf part. The percentage yields of methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of vernonia amygdalina leaves were 9.38, 7.02 and 1.27grams respectively. Methanol extracts which is highly polar and chloroform extracts which is medium polar was found to have shown positive bioactive compounds. The total flavonoids content of methanol and chloroform leaf extracts of V.amygdalina was determined using a straight line with regression equation, y = 0.005x + 0.129 and a linear regression coefficient (R²) of 0.994 which was obtained from calibration curve of quercitin. The assay works based on the reduction of the yellow colour ferric complex (Fe⁺³(CN^-) 6) to a Prussian blue ferrous complex (Fe⁺²(CN^-) 6) by the action of electron donating antioxidants at low pH. The Ferric reducing antioxidant method works based on the reduction of Fe^III+ to Fe^II+ due to the action of antioxidants present. The activities of the test sample in DPPH scavenging assay can be expressed as a decrease in absorbance. This activity was increased by increasing the concentration of the sample extract. Methanol extract had shown a significant antibacterial test result whereas there was no inhibition zone recorded in petroleum ether extract in all four bacteria.

This article deals with a phytochemical survey, an evaluation of the anti-radical and hypotensive activity of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Urena Lobota L. The colorimetric method is used for the chemical screening, the UV spectrophotometry at 366nm has been used for the determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids, anti-radical and hypotensive activity using respectively, DPPH and normal-stretched rats anesthetized by the invasive method. The results show that the extract mainly contains flavonoids, reducing sugars, tannins and terpenes in medium amounts and alkaloids in small amounts. The thin-layer chromatographic profiles are still dominated by compounds of light green and orange-yellow fluorescence, materializing the presence of polyphenols, derived from kaempferol and quercetin. The quantitative analysis for flavonoid compounds of the total extract and the four fractions vary between 829.0 and 19070 mgEQt/100gDM.  The total polyphenol contents are the highest compared to the total flavonoids and show very high concentrations for the fractions F4 (4137.9 mgEAG/gDM) followed by F3 (6580.8 mgEGA/gDM) and F2 (3089.4 mgEAG/gDM). This high production of polyphenolic compounds is confirmed by the marked anti-radical activity observed on the DPPH radical for the F2 (16.13 μg/mL) and F3 (13.76 μg/mL) fractions. Evaluation of hypotensive activity shows that intravenous administration of Urena lobata L. extracts at 5 mg/kg causes a significant decrease in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Fraction F3 appears to be the most efficient followed by F4 and F2. These results could explain the use of this plant in traditional medicine against high blood pressure.

In the present work, two spices Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) were extracted using aqueous and ethanolic extract. Comparison of antibacterial activity in terms of zone of inhibition for both the extracts against E.coli by disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar was done. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of cinnamon and turmeric has more antibacterial property against E. coli than the aqueous extract. Phytochemical analysis of turmeric and cinnamon extract shows all the necessary components that are helpful to generate antibacterial activity. Cinnamon ethanolic extract showed high zone of inhibition (15mm) as compared to turmeric ethanolic extract (12mm). A concentration of 25mg/ml of cinnamon extract shows maximum 60.3% antioxidant activity which is more as compared to other concentrations of turmeric extract.

Diabetes is most predominant sickness and driving reason for death. About 1.6 million passings revealed in 2016 around the world. In India 69.1 million individuals experiences diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation extends that the quantity of Indian's with diabetes will take off to 123 million by 2040. One of each four individuals with diabetes even doesn't realize they have it. There are three significant sorts of this sickness; Type 1,Type 2 and gestational diabetes. In Type 1, in which the human safe framework assaults on cells in pancreas which produce insulin. It is auto-insusceptible condition. Type 2, in this creation of insulin decline which results high glucose level. Gestational diabetes happen during pregnancy in which pregnancy hormone oppose the insulin discharge. There are numerous medicines accessible for the diabetes, fundamentally dependent on its sort. In the present review medicinal plants with their active compounds and part of utility have been represented.

Interest in green nanotechnology is rapidly growing due to simplest, affordable, cost-effective and environmental friendly procedures to generate nanomaterial for biomedical application. Plant-based nanoparticles have been reported to exhibit enhanced biological effects as compare to their medicinal extracts counterpart. The present study highlights the wound healing effect of crude extract (AEVC) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-VC) synthesized using Vernonia conferta leaves. The crude extraction was carried out using distilled water meanwhile AgNPs-VC were obtained by blending plant extract with silver nitrate solution (10:50 v/v). Synthesized AgNPs-VC were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The AEVC and AgNPs-VC were prepared as 5% (v/v) solution and suspension respectively and evaluated for wound healing activity using excision wound model in rats.  The changing colour of the reaction mixture and UV-Vis absorbance spectrum validated the formation of AgNPs-VC, showing a characteristic peak at 465 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum showed that particles interface were coated with organics and X-ray diffraction pattern showed nanocrystallite nature of pure silver with mean diameter size of 16.25 nm. Highly aggregated spherical/cuboidal silver grain were depicted with SEM. EDS analysis reveals particles consisting of silver as major element. Both AEVC and AgNPs-VC formulations significantly (P < 0.01) increased wound contraction rate and reduced period of epithelialization as compared to control group. The wound healing activity of AgNPs-VC treatment was greater than AEVC and trolamine used as standard. These findings clearly demonstrate that Vernonia conferta mediated silver nanoparticles enhanced wound healing property of the plant. Hence, the potential advantages of phytopharmacology and nanopharmacology can be combined to result in a new area of drugs discovery.

Voacanga africana Stapf (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant having properties as antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypotensive. The present study aims, on the one hand, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Voacanga africana root extracts and, on the other hand, to isolate and identify some of the main compounds contained in this plant. The ABTS free radical scavenging method has allowed to demonstrate a significant antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained by extraction in hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol on the one hand and by alkaloid-specific extraction on the other hand. Thin layer and column chromatographic analyses (TLC and CC) and spectral analyses such as proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) allowed the isolation and characterization of two (2) indole alkaloids: Voacangine (1) and Voacamine (2).